I will try to answer each of them here. But first, the golden hour. It is the last hour before it gets dark, when the sun is going down or the hour after starts rising in morning. It is the time when the sun is not too harsh and not too bright and given a perfect soft light that is almost golden. And hence the golden hour.
So is golden hour the best time for photos? Yes, but it is NOT the only time to get the best photos. A cloudy day, when the sun rays are not directly hitting the face, and is behind the clouds, giving a softer white light can create some amazing images as well.
If none of these are applicable and its bright and sunny outside, then a good shaded area where there are lots of trees are a great place to do the session as well. That answers the 2nd and 4th question, we can have a good session anytime of the day, if its cloudy or we are at a shaded place.
Which brings me to the last concern and the most raised one, will there be enough light that late in the afternoon?
Maybe not, but, modern professional cameras including both DSLRs and Mirrorless work great in low light conditions and can achieve great results in the right hands. Mirrorless cameras specially, perform a lot better in comparision to the DSLRs in low light. I am a Nikon user and own both mirrorless and DSLR Full frame cameras and they are both great in low light. But this holds true for other brands as well like Canon, Sony, Fuji etc,
I hope you found this article useful. If you own a professional camera, do try shooting in golden hour.
P.S.
Sneak peak into the gallery from this shoot here - POOJA's MATERNITY SHOOT